Second Turkic Khaganate

Second Turkic Khaganate
𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰰:𐰃𐰠
*Türük el*
Second Turkic Khaganate 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰰:𐰃𐰠; Türük el
682–744
	Tamga of Ashina tribe
	Approximate map of Second Turkic Khaganate, 720 AD.
Status	Khaganate (Nomadic empire)
Capital	Otuken (summer camp) ; Yarγan yurtï (winter camp)[page needed]
Common languages	Old Turkic (official)
Religion	Tengrism (official)
Government	Hereditary monarchy
Khagan
• 682 – 691	Elteriš Qaghan
• 691 – 716	Qapγan Qaghan
• 716	İnäl Qaghan
• 716 – 734	Bilgä Qaghan
• 744	Ozmıš Qaghan
Tarkhan
• 682 – 716	Tonyukuk
• 716 – 731	Kul Tigin
Legislature	Kurultay
History
• Established	682
• Disestablished	744
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Western Turkic Khaganate
	Eastern Turkic Khaganate
	Tang dynasty
	Xueyantuo
Uyghur Khaganate
Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate
Türgesh

The Second Turkic Khaganate (Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰰:𐰃𐰠, romanized: Türük el, lit. 'State of the Turks',^[4] Chinese: 後突厥; pinyin: Hòu Tūjué, known as Turk Bilge Qaghan country (Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰝:𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰏𐰀:𐰴𐰍𐰣:𐰃𐰠𐰭𐰀, romanized: Türük Bilgä Qaγan eli) in Bain Tsokto inscriptions)^[5] was a khaganate in Central and Eastern Asia founded by Ashina clan of the Göktürks that lasted between 682–744. It was preceded by the Eastern Turkic Khaganate (552–630) and the early Tang dynasty period (630–682). The Second Khaganate^[6]^[7]^[8] was centered on Ötüken in the upper reaches of the Orkhon River. It was succeeded by its subject Toquz Oghuz confederation, which became the Uyghur Khaganate.

^ Newly discovered Old Turkic runic inscription of the Ulaanchuluut Mountain (Red Mountain) from the Central Mongolia On the basis of the Mongol-Japanese International Epigraphical Expedition in August 2018, Osawa Takashi
^ David Prager Branner, (2006), The Chinese Rime Tables: Linguistic philosophy and historical-comparative phonology
^ Empires, Diplomacy, and Frontiers. (2018). In N. Di Cosmo & M. Maas (Eds.), Empires and Exchanges in Eurasian Late Antiquity: Rome, China, Iran, and the Steppe, ca. 250–750 (pp. 269-418). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
"...some scholars see this practice as amounting to a state religion, “Tengrism,” in which the ruling Ashina family gained legitimacy through its support from Tengri."
^ Sigfried J. de Laet, Ahmad Hasan Dani, Jose Luis Lorenzo, Richard B. Nunoo Routledge, 1994, History of Humanity, p. 56
^ Aydın (2017), p. 119
^ Elena Vladimirovna Boĭkova, R. B. Rybakov, Kinship in the Altaic World: Proceedings of the 48th Permanent International Altaistic Conference, Moscow 10–15 July 2005, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2006, ISBN 978-3-447-05416-4, p. 225.
^ Anatoly Michailovich Khazanov, Nomads and the Outside World, Univ of Wisconsin Press, 1984, ISBN 978-0-299-14284-1, p. 256.
^ András Róna-Tas, An introduction to Turkology, Universitas Szegediensis de Attila József Nominata, 1991, p. 29.